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Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933 was a scheduled international flight from Denmark to the United States, on January 13, 1969 it was being operated by a Douglas DC-8-62 when it crashed into Santa Monica Bay at 19:21, approximately west of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, United States. The DC-8 was registered in Norway as ''LN-MOO'' and named ''Sverre Viking'' by the airline. The crash into the sea was caused by pilot error during approach to runway 07R. The pilots were so occupied with the nose gear light not turning green that they lost their situation awareness and failed to keep track of their altitude. The Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) aircraft had a crew of nine and thirty-six passengers; thirty people survived while fifteen died. The flight originated at Copenhagen Airport, Denmark, and had a stop-over at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport where there was a change of crew. The crash site was within international waters, but the National Transportation Safety Board carried out an investigation, which was published on July 1, 1970. It stated that the probable cause was improper crew resource management and stated that the aircraft was fully capable of carrying out the approach and landing. The aircraft was conducting an instrument approach, but was following a back course approach which it was not authorized to do. ==Flight== The accident aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62 with serial number 45822 and line number 270. It was originally registered in the United States by McDonnell Douglas as N1501U for testing before delivery to SAS.〔Hagby: 326〕 It was then registered as LN-MOD, but as SAS already had a Douglas DC-7 with that registration, it was re-registered as LN-MOO.〔Hagby: 228〕 The aircraft was registered on 23 June 1967 and named ''Sverre Viking'' by SAS. Five days later it was re-registered with Norwegian Air Lines, the Norwegian holding company of the SAS conglomerate, as owner.〔Hagby: 230〕 The DC-8-62 was an implementation which McDonnell Douglas had tailor-made for SAS to allow it to operate to Los Angeles with a full payload in all wind conditions, although the model was later sold to other airlines as well. SAS took delivery of the first of ten DC-8-62 aircraft in 1967.〔Hall: 103–105〕 ''Sverre Viking'' had flown 6,948 hours as of January 7 and had met all maintenance requirements. The last overhaul was carried out on April 3, 1968.〔National Transportation Safety Board: 13〕 Flight 933 was a regular, international scheduled flight from SAS' main hub at Copenhagen Airport in Denmark to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California, in the United States. It had a scheduled stop-over at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in the US state of Washington for change of crew and refueling. There were 45 people on board the aircraft at the time of the accident,〔National Transportation Safety Board: 3〕 consisting of 36 passengers and 9 crew members.〔National Transportation Safety Board: 2〕 The crew outbound from Seattle had flown a flight from Copenhagen on January 11 and had about 48 hours of rest before the flight.〔 The crew consisted of a captain, a first officer, a flight engineer and six flight attendants.〔 Captain Kenneth Davies, a 50-year-old Briton, had been employed by SAS since 1948 and had a past in the RAF Coastal Command. He had flown 11,135 hours with SAS and 900 hours in the DC-8.〔National Transportation Safety Board: 11〕 First Officer Hans Ingvar Hansson was aged 40 and had worked for SAS since 1957. He had flown 5,814 hours for the airline, including 973 hours in the DC-8. Flight Engineer Ake Ingvar Andersson, aged 32, had worked for SAS since 1966. He had flown 985 hours, all of the time on a DC-8. All three had valid certificates, training and medical checks.〔National Transportation Safety Board: 12〕 The cabin crew consisted of Renning Lenshoj, Arne Roosand, Peter Olssen, Marie Britt Larsson, Susanne Gothberg-Ingeborg and Ann-Charlotte Jenninge. A steward and two stewardesses were killed in the crash (Confirmed dead, the other two missing presumed dead ) The flight to Seattle had gone without incident. The landing took place with an instrument landing system (ILS) approach, with the autopilot coupler being used down to 100 to 60 meters (300–200 ft) before a manual completion. The aircraft had three maintenance issues at Seattle, consisting of a non-functioning fast–slow airspeed function, low oil on the number one engine and a non-functioning lavatory light.〔 The final crew arrived at Seattle–Tacoma an hour before the flight and given necessary documentation. Flight time was estimated at 2 hours and 16 minutes. All pre-flight checks were concluded without discrepancies. The aircraft was de-iced and the altimeters set and cross-checked.〔National Transportation Safety Board: 4〕 The flight departed Seattle at 15:46 Pacific Standard Time (PST), one hour and eleven minutes after schedule. The first officer was designated as pilot flying. The altimeters were re-calibrated and the autopilot was used for the climb and cruise.〔National Transportation Safety Board: 5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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